As for the former, we can only hope that those politicians and administrators responsible, by their action or inaction, for bringing this about get the opprobrium they deserve, preferably sooner rather than later. The latter is a major problem which can’t be addressed in sufficient depth for new lecturers in this volume. For help in dealing with some of the problems large numbers bring, you are advised to follow up the specific references which have been included in the Further Reading section at the end of this revision. We have also added an Index to this edition for ease of reference. Trevor Habeshaw and Graham Gibbs.