This textbook is based on the one-semester course “Introduction to Astrophysics”, taken by third-year Physics students at Tel-Aviv University, which I taught several times in the years 2000-2005. My objective in writing this book is to provide an introductory astronomy text that is suited for university students majoring in physical science fields (physics, astronomy, chemistry, engineering, etc.), rather than for a wider audience, for which many astronomy textbooks already exist. I have tried to cover a large and representative fraction of the main elements of modern astrophysics, including some topics at the forefront of current research. At the same time, I have made an effort to keep this.