Mathematical theories and methods and effective computational algorithms are crucial in coping with the challenges arising in the sciences and in many areas of their application. New concepts and approaches are necessary in order to overcome the complexity barriers particularly created by nonlinearity, high-dimensionality, multiple scales and uncertainty. Combining advanced mathematical and computational methods and computer technology is an essential key to achieving progress, often even in purely theoretical research. The term mathematical sciences refers to mathematics and its genuine sub-fields, as well as to scientific disciplines that are based on mathematical concepts andmethods, including sub-fields of the natural and life sciences, the engineering and social sciences and recently also.
