This is an argument for being cautious about interpreting the results on topic based studies as the research on whole-school approaches, while less comprehensive to date, is very promising in that it suggests that a whole-school approach is more likely to be effective than a classroom-only approach in terms of a range of outcomes. There is clearly a need for more research on whole-school approaches to help us understand how this works and why it may be the case. However, there is associated research in the field of effective schools (not specific to health) that may help us to understand.