A similar effort may well be in order targeting the gay and bisexual men who are most at risk, particularly those who are living with HIV. Further research is needed to determine the prevalence and incidence of ASIL in the general population of gay and bisexual men outside of major urban centers. Programs are needed to train colposcopists in the skills of identifying and biopsying ASIL; training of colorectal surgeons is needed to optimize identification and treat- ment of ASIL. Further research is also needed on newer, medical therapies for ASIL so that costly and painful surgery can be avoided
