We, NumPy users, live in exciting times. New NumPy-related developments seem to come to our attention every week or maybe even daily. When this book was being written, NumPy Foundation of Open Code for Usable Science was created. The Numba project—NumPy-aware, dynamic Python compiler using LLVM—was announced. Also, Google added support to their Cloud product Google App Engine. In the future, we can expect improved concurrency support for clusters of GPUs and CPUs. OLAP-like queries will be possible with NumPy arrays. This is wonderful news, but we have to keep reminding ourselves that NumPy is not alone in the scientific (Python) software ecosystem. There is Scipy, Matplotlib (a.