The report brings home the reality that the HIV prevalence in South Africa among persons aged 2 years and older at translates to million people living with HIV/AIDS in 2005. Factors underpinning continued high HIV prevalence are partly illustrated by the finding that half of the respondents in this study who were found to be HIV positive did not think they were at risk of HIV infection. It considers HIV/AIDS stigma, the integration of family planning and HIV/AIDS service, and the existing HIV/AIDS communication campaigns. The findings and recommendations of the report will be invaluable to policy-makers and.