This edition of theHandbook of Counseling Psychologylik,e all three prior editions, has three primary objectives: (1) to provide a scholarly review of important areas of counseling psychology inquiry, (2) to elaborate directions for future research, and (3) to draw specific suggestions for practice that derive from the scholarly literature in counseling psychology and related disciplines. Also, as in the third edition, we asked authors, as much as possible, to report effect sizes and to use these, and published meta-analyses, to draw inferences about the current state of knowledge in the field, to suggest questions for future investigation, and to derive practice implications. We are pleased to.