This book is about what we consider the essentials of human nutrition. The science of human nutrition deals with all the effects on people of any component found in food. This starts with the physiological and biochemical processes involved in nourishment—how substances in food provide energy or are converted into body tissues, and the diseases that result from insufficiency or excess of essential nutrients (malnutrition). The role of food components in the development of chronic degenerative disease like coronary heart disease, cancers, dental caries, etc., are major targets of research activity nowadays. The scope of nutrition extends to any effect of food on human function: fetal health and.