In flood-prone cities such as Manila, potential sea level rise and increased frequency and inten- sity of extreme weather events poses enormous challenges on urban local bodies’ ability to adapt. Apart from their location, the scale of risk is also influenced by the quality of housing and infra- structure, institutional capacity with respect to emergency services, and the city’s preparedness to respond. The urban poor are most at risk from exposure to hazards in coastal cities, as they tend to live in riskier urban environments (such as floodplains, unstable slopes), tend to work in the informal economy, have fewer assets, and receive.
