A necessary caveat is that we consider a specific LSM, comparing it to a specific model of internal queues. Other LSMs, perhaps associated with different settlement rules, may yield different outcomes. For example, one could think of a system where all payments (even those sent to the RTGS stream) are first passed through the LSM. Then, if LSM settlement does not happen instantly because a cycle has not formed, the urgent RTGS payments are immediately settled by transferring liquidity. This is another way of interacting between the LSM and RTGS streams – one of the many possible ones not considered.
