This supplement is based on papers presented at the Second International Conference of the Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, October 2–4, 2001. The conference provided an ideal opportunity to exchange ideas and discuss new developments in the field of dentistry, especially the latest trends in the evidence-based approach to dental care. As the former President of Kuwait University, Professor Faiza M. Al-Khorafi, stated in her opening remarks, ‘In science, we need to question continuously, what is the evidence? We look to science for answers, but quite often science can only give us the best estimate for probabilities. Our research results need continuous reevaluation, and the evidence must be weighed according to the strengths.