This manual is your guide to creating user programs in the Ladder Logic (LAD) programming language. This manual also includes a reference section that describes the syntax and functions of the language elements of Ladder Logic. The manual is intended for S7 programmers, operators, and maintenance/service personnel. In order to understand this manual, general knowledge of automation technology is required. In addition to, computer literacy and the knowledge of other working equipment similar to the PC (. programming devices) under the operating systems MS Windows 2000 Professional or MS Windows XP Professional are required