The emerging field of nanotechnology is affirming its increasing importance day by day. In this context fullerenes and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) play an important role. These new allotropic forms of carbon have been discovered in the last two decades, and, since then, they have stimulated the curiosity and interest of physicists and chemists. This book is the first of a new series entitled “Carbon Materials: Chemistry and Physics”, the purpose of which is to analyze the new frontiers of carbon. This volume summarizes the more recent advances on fullerenes and carbon nanotubes facing the biological-medical horizon, an important and interesting area to the scientific community. We will present general overviews of.