Water quality risks are often overlooked but may have significant financial implications. The quality of process water is critical in many industrial production systems, and contaminated water supply may require additional investment and operational costs for pre-treatment. In cases where current high quality source water precludes the need for pre-treatment, degradation of supply can necessitate costly capital expenditures for treatment technology. When alternative source water or treatment options are not physically or financially feasible, facility operations will be disrupted or require relocation. Industrial expansion may also be affected in regions where the water supply is already contaminated. Water scarcity directly affects.
