This project has been preceded by a series of reports and initiatives, which have recognised a need for further monitoring in the areas of climate change and air pollution impacts on biodiversity. Three major reports on the effects of climate change on biodiversity recommend further monitoring in this area. A review by Hossell et al. (2000) advocated the ‘development of methodologies for monitoring and assessing the status and quality of designated sites and key species affected by climate change’. It also suggested the extension of existing monitoring and assessment techniques to ‘recognise and detect.