Unfortunately, the adverse effects of transportation have a greater impact on the natural and human environment than either spatial proximity or telecommunications. The basic technology used in transportation causes emissions of pollutants which have been proved, or are believed, to damage human health and plant life and to upset sensitive ecosystem balances. As a result of transport’s contribution to local pollution–which, worldwide, is responsible for about per cent of all deaths annually, and has recently been estimated as responsible for up to 6 per cent of all deaths annually in Europe (Künzli and others 2000)–social costs for.
