Several attempts have been made to analyze the impacts of air pollution on wildlife . More recently, research for WWF has assessed the impacts on wildlife through a literature survey which identified effects on 1,300 species, including 11 mammals, 29 birds, 10 amphibians, 398 higher plants, 305 fungi, 238 lichens and 65 invertebrates, providing the most detailed survey to date 7 . In general, the studies have concentrated on either specific ecosystems, or individual groups of plants and animals. Whilst these investigations have all been useful in helping to identify the existence and scale of the problem relating to biodiversity and air pollution, they have not, on the whole,.
