Despite the flurry of media and political attention to air quality-induced illnesses and deaths, the question still remains as to what will be the future air quality in Ontario and what are the health consequences. Are more aggressive measures required to reduce the risk of poor air quality for human health? What benefits would be realized now and in the future from improved air quality? These are examples of pertinent environmental policy questions for which sound answers are needed. This need has been recognized for many years by the OMA. This report and the accompanying ICAP model are designed to assist in.