In many European countries incineration is used as an important means of waste disposal in urban areas. The proportion of waste disposal by this route varies across Europe, from 13% in Italy to 53% in Switzerland, with an average value of 20 %. However, in some countries (for example, Portugal, Spain) the use of incineration is not used or is under consiration as a new option for waste disposal. Two main types of pollutants (combustion gases and fly ash) are emitted from incinerators. Fly ash is composed of soot, trace metals, mineral dust, and partially burnt material with a size distribution between 5 and some 150µm
