This systematic evidence on barriers to the use of financial services allows re- searchers and policy makers to understand reasons for nonuse and to prioritize and design policy interventions accordingly. But because at this point the data are cross-sectional, they cannot be used to determine what impact removing these self-reported barriers would have. Measuring that impact requires rigor- ous evaluation and is beyond the scope of this report. Moreover, since people often face multiple barriers to the use of formal accounts, and the survey allows multiple responses, addressing individual constraints may not increase the use of accounts if other barriers are binding