However, few reliable studies have been undertaken to assess the effectiveness of these interventions in the field. Current evidence is insufficient for drawing conclusions about which interventions work in a specific setting, and for making recommendations to local and national policy-makers. Therefore, there is an urgent need to evaluate intervention projects and programmes around the world. Such evaluation can help inform how interventions reduce pollution and personal exposure, how this results in reduced respiratory disease (in particular among children and women), and what broader impacts interventions have on the household as a whole, for example in terms of freeing women’s and children’s time for studying or economic activities. .
