Deceptive campaigns are attempts to misdirect targeted voters regarding the voting process for public elections. Election activity that would be considered deceptive could for example include false statements about polling times, date of the election, voter identification rules, or the eligibility requirements for voters who wish to cast a ballot. Historically, disinformation and misinformation efforts intended to suppress voter participation have been systemic attempts to reduce voter participation among low-income, minority, young, disabled, and elderly voters. Deceptive techniques deployed in the 2004 and 2006 general elections relied upon telephone calls, ballot challenges, direct mail, and canvass literature Some voters were told they would face arrest if they.
