Congestion charging schemes such as those introduced in Singapore and London, which have lead to a decrease of 40% and 30%, respectively, in traffic in the central business districts of both cities [27], have the potential to transform urban cities into more sustainable and liveable environments. In urban cities where people prefer using private modes of transport (cars) for commuting, as is the case in Auckland, work is needed to change people’s perception of public transport and thereby lead to changes in behaviour. This can be achieved by informing both the public and policymakers about the environment and health implications.
