These results have been used to unravel the mysteries of the collective behavior of living systems in nature such as the flocking of birds, schooling of fish, marching of ants and swarming of bees for strategic purposes. While the individual “agents” in these groups possess only local strategic rules and capacity, their collective behavior is characterized by an overlaying order, self-organization, and a collective intelligence that is greater than the sum of the parts. In addition, these living systems regularly display a remarkable ability to adapt to a complex and dynamic environment
