This review is part of a wider enquiry conducted on behalf of Play England and the British Toy & Hobby Association (BTHA) for the 2011 Make Time to Play Campaign. It examines the importance of providing good-quality play opportunities to children, their families and their communities. This body of research informs a campaign around the concept of ‘A World Without Play’. Play is fundamental to children’s happiness and well-being, and the evidence shows that it is also influential in their health and future life chances. If children’s opportunities for play are restricted there are likely to be profound effects.