Since the collapse of central government in 1991 and the resulting civil war, there have been many efforts to restore a central government in Somalia without sustained success. In 1991, the North west zone (NWZ) declared the independent state of Somaliland, with its governing administration in the capital Hargesia. The North east Zone (NEZ) declared itself as the autonomous region of Puntland in 1998. Although governed by its administration in its capital Garowe, it pledges to participate in any Somali reconciliation and reconstruction process that should occur. In South Central Somalia political conflict and violence continue to prevail, despite attempts.
