The assessment identifies the strengths in the health system of Uganda and also the challenges that the Ministry of Health, with development partners, the private sector, and civil society, will need to address. System strengths include the participatory nature of health sector governance, the use of evidence generated locally and internationally to inform policy-making, improved collaboration between government and development partners, and the increase in the number of potential service delivery points across the country. Some of the challenges are: relatively high vacancy levels, particularly at lower-level health facilities; coordinating all actors in the health sector; tapping the large private.