Business financial decisions are not made in a vacuum. An ‘obvious’ decision may often have to be tempered by an appreciation of the restrictions imposed by the prevailing environment. Although it is beyond our scope to consider the full social, political and economic complexity of the financial decision-making context, we provide an overview of the key features of the UK financial and economic system. A sound grasp of the framework for financial decisions is essential if the reader is to appreciate fully the issues discussed in subsequent chapters of this book