This growing industry also has impacts beyond revenue losses to industry and national governments. For example, the links between intellectual property theft, organised crime (NCIS, 2005; Union des Fabricants, 2004; OCTF, 2006) and terrorism (Noble, 2003; Ranger and Wiencek, 2002) are increasingly well-established. Counterfeiting offers criminals a lucrative market with a relatively low risk of detection and minimal penalties for those convicted. This has ensured that the activity has been associated with a range of other crimes including the trafficking of drugs, arms and people. Internationally, counterfeiting has become established as a successful method for laundering money and, in.
