With an emphasis on the potential for disruption and change, there is in such writing a characterisation of the consumer of counterfeits that employs a binary opposition between the ‘normal’ or legitimate world and the ‘abnormal’ or oppositional practices. For example, sociological research on file sharing through peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, internet exchange of pirated music, films and software along with digital rights management (DRM) hacks, represents users as part of a distinctive subculture (. Condry, 2004; Giesler and Pohlmann, 2003)
