On September 13th , European Union Environment Commissioner Margot Wallström voiced concern over efforts by the United States to secure an international agreement to exempt airlines from emission levies or fuel taxes. Wallström told the European Parliament that the . idea of discarding fiscal options would be "clearly contrary" to European environmental objectives. "For many years, the ICAO has been looking at market-based options designed to limit aviation emissions and introduce the aircraft and operating practices that are best environmentally," Wallström said. "The ICAO has been looking at three options: taxes on fuel or emissions, emission charges, and emissions.