Gestalt structures of purely formal beauty. Objects of sensation manifest themselves very rarely, if ever, in isolation. They normally occur in association with each other in such a way as to manifest Gestalt structures of different types, and such structures, too, may be beautiful or ugly. Thus melodies, tones, geometrical patterns, blends of perfumes or of tastes, rhythms, colour-harmonies, etc., will constitute Witasek's second class of elementary aesthetic objects (39ff.). Note that structures of this sort are important even where we have to deal with aesthetic pleasure (or displeasure) in what is fragmentary or discordant,.