I extend my appreciation to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and the Department of Endodontics for their help and support. To my fellow residents, a special thank you for making my experience at the Faculty of Dentistry enjoyable and memorable. I am eternally thankful to my parents for all their sacrifices and the opportunities they provided me. Lastly and most importantly, I would like to thank my wife and two daughters for their love, support and patience. I owe the most to the sacrifices they made over the past 3 years. This study was supported in.