Within the gravitational pull of the studios, independent production has been found at both the upper and lower ends of the business. Low-budget independent outfits such as Republic and Monogram, and many smaller entities, helped to serve the demand of the system for the production of ‘B’ movies, to fill the bottom half of double bills, during the 1930s. 3 At the same time, independent producers such as David Selznick and Sam Goldwyn produced expensive ‘A’ features, borrowing stars and leasing studio space from the majors and supplying prestige films such as Gone with the Wind (1939) and Rebecca (1940) that.
