Unfortunately there is a lack of effective data management tools that can help users in managing such data and in ap- plying models, forcing them to use external tools for this purpose. Scientists, for instance, typically import the raw data into an analysis package such as Matlab, where they apply various models to the data. Once the data has been filtered, they typically process it further using customized programs that are often quite similar to database queries (., that find peaks in the cleaned data, extract particu- lar subsets, or compute aggregates over different regions). It is impractical for them to use databases for this later processing, because data has already.
