The three individuals that have themost control over the final appearance of a filmare the director, the cinematographer, and the editor. The 160 films we have analyzed hadmore than 400 different such individuals, and each of themoften led teams of considerable size. Thus, popular films are a collective and collaborative product, and the causes for the general changes in film over time as shown in Figure 1 can only be sociological, even cultural. That is, through the cultural transmission and dissemination of filmmaking practices, through experimentation and technological innovation, and through continual inspection and evaluation of their results, the relatively small community of filmmakers has gradually changed their.
