Maliciously modified devices are already a reality. In 2006, Apple shipped iPods infected with the RavMonE virus [4]. During the cold war, the CIA sabotaged oil pipeline control software, which was then allowed to be “stolen” by Russian spies [10]. Conversely, Russian agents intercepted and modified typewriters which were to be used at the US embassy in Moscow; the modifica- tions allowed the Russians to copy any documents typed on said typewriters [16]. Recently, external hard drives sold by Seagate in Taiwan were shipped with a trojan in- stalled that sent personal data to a remote attacker [1]. Although none of these attacks use malicious circuits, they clearly show the feasibility of.
