Provide a vocabulary to describe complex resource bundles. In any system, be it administrative or market- based, users need a mechanism to express their resource holdings and desires. Markets, which have been used for decades to capture difficult resource allocation problems (. energy markets, wireless spectrum auctions, airline landing slot exchanges), can also be used to capture the intricacies of systems problems. Bidding languages have been studied for their tradeoffs between expressivity and compactness [15], and existing languages can be directly applied to computer resources
