ThecellwallofBrevibacteriumsp. VKM Ac-2118 isolated from a frozen (mean annual temperature)12 C) late Plio-cene layer, –3 Myr, Kolyma lowland, Russia, contains mannitol teichoic acidwith a previously unknown structure. This is 1,6-poly(mannitol phosphate) with the majority of the mannitol residues bearing side phosphate groups at O-4(3). The structure of the polymer was established by chemical methods, NMR spectroscopy, and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.