Extreme-scale computation: Integrate computer science and applied mathematical foundations to address the challenges of achieving productive and efficient computation at the exascale level and beyond. Develop innovative systems that combine increased speed, economic viability, high productivity, and robustness to meet future agency needs for systems that manage ultra-large volumes of data and run multi-scale, multidisciplinary science and engineering simulations. Explore new concepts and approaches for solving technical challenges such as power use, thermal management, file system input/output (I/O) latency, resiliency, highly parallel system architectures, and programming language and development environments that can increase the usability of large-scale multiprocessor (including.