We investigate the unsupervised detection of semi-fixed cue phrases such as “This paper proposes a novel approach. . . 1 ” from unseen text, on the basis of only a handful of seed cue phrases with the desired semantics. The problem, in contrast to bootstrapping approaches for Question Answering and Information Extraction, is that it is hard to find a constraining context for occurrences of semi-fixed cue phrases. Our method uses components of the cue phrase itself, rather than external context, to bootstrap. .
