The foundation for these medium- and long-term initiatives consists of: fostering innovation through promoting entrepreneurship, investing in smart infrastructure, encouraging R&D, green investment, upgrading the skills of workers, steering market actors towards innovation-related investments, and accelerating activities for which barriers may have been too high otherwise. The crisis is affecting innovation and a number of other determinants of long-term growth Investments in innovation are declining in many firms The available evidence suggests that the crisis has already begun to affect innovation. Historically, business R&D expenditure and patent filings have moved in parallel with GDP, slowing markedly during the.
