The figures outlined in Figure A translate into potentially serious outcomes for the Australian economy. In the case of the Baseline, total expenditure associated with international students (from both students and visitors) increases in all years, rising from $ billion in 2010 to $ billion in 2012 and $ billion by 2015. Under the Sideways scenario, student expenditure in 2011 experiences a marginal increase of on 2010 levels. Under the Trough scenario, expenditure falls to $ billion or below 2010 levels. Total expenditure declines much more sharply under the Perfect Storm scenario, where total expenditure falls to $10 billion in 2012, a decrease of $ billion or of levels in 2010. .
