Further, Le Trong Trai et al. (2001) described that payments from these national forestry programs have provided benefits to villagers in the short term, and Acacia spp. and pine plantations established under these programs are growing reasonably well. However, villagers brought attention to a number of problems they had to face in response to the needs of the national forestry programs. For example, villagers from Khe Tran and Ha Long pointed out that they faced considerable difficulties after their individual agreement (temporary Land Use Certificate) on plantation with the Forest Enterprise expired, and they were left without any further incentive
