To address the first question, we analyzed data from three Education databases and identified schools that provided loans through either the Direct Loan Program or FFELP in each school year from 1994-95 to 2001-02. To address the second question, we surveyed financial aid officials at schools that participated in the Direct Loan Program in 2001-02, of whom 57 percent responded to our survey. 2 We also surveyed schools that had participated in the program for at least one school year from 1994-95 to 2000-01 but did not participate in 2001-02. Twenty-three percent of these schools responded to our survey, and because of their low response rate we do not.
