Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) is a dynamic and rapidly changing field. Current World Health Organization (WHO) PMTCT antiretroviral (ARV) guidelines on treating pregnant women and preventing infection in infants (1), issued in 2010, were a major step towards more efficacious regimens. The WHO guidelines emphasize the importance of providing lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART) to all HIV-infected pregnant women eligible for such treatment and recommend two short-term antiretroviral prophylaxis options (Option A and Option B) for women not eligible under current criteria, as determined by CD4 count, for treatment for their own health (Table 1). Recently, a third option, to provide lifelong ART to all HIV-infected pregnant women, regardless of CD4.
