Some public broadcasters are better funded and operated than others. Our survey highlights the notable strengths of public media systems in the ., Germany and Scandinavian countries. In contrast, due to erosion in both the amount of funding and procedures for assuring “arms-length” autonomy from direct governmental control (shift from license fee to direct government funding, shift from multiyear to annual funding, etc.), public media have arguably been weakened in recent years in the Netherlands, Canada, New Zealand, and Australia. Likewise, in the transition to digital and Internet platforms, countries with public service broadcasting are adopting a variety of approaches to.
