he explains that loss of the fluid-attaining proteoglycans (Pg) inside the cartilage collagen network is the earliest indicator of osteoarthritis. loss of Pgs increases the water permeability of cartilage and decreases the tissue stiffness, leading researchers to propose proteoglycans as an important marker for the early detection of osteoarthritis. To precisely determine the Pg content in cartilage, lu is investigating a mechanical testing approach with the aid of advanced theoretical modeling. The unique feature of lu’s research is his expertise in measuring the chemical composition (Pg content) of cartilage using indentation data. his secret weapon is the tri-phasic mixture theory,.