Pulp and paper is a mature industry. Industrialised paper manufacturing in Europe started in the early 19th century (Berkhout, 2005). It is a capital and resource-intensive industry that contributes to many environmental problems, including global warming, human tox- icity, eco-toxicity, photochemical oxidation, acidification, nutrification, and solid wastes (Blazejczak and Edler, 2000). Paper is made of natural fibres, either from wood or from recycled materials. Figure 1 below presents a schematic representation of the production system. The harvested wood is first processed so that the fibres are separated from the unusable fraction of the wood, the lignin. Pulp making can be done.
